There is a world of difference between feeling tired and chronic fatigue syndrome. Here GP Dr Mohammed Enayat sheds light on the symptoms you shouldn’t ignore
From persistent fatigue to cognitive difficulties and pain, the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome can be debilitating. It’s much more than simply feeling tired – it’s a serious condition affecting millions worldwide. We spoke with a GP who highlighted key signs to look out for, with advice on how to cope.
What is chronic fatigue?
“It’s also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), a complex condition characterised by persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest and impairs daily functioning,” says Dr Mohammed Enayat, GP and founder of longevity clinic HUM2N. “
The exact cause is still unknown, although it is widely believed to involve abnormalities in the immune and nervous system and metabolism.” One of the biggest misconceptions is that it is simply “being tired” or a psychological condition caused by stress or depression, says Dr Enayat. “While mental-health conditions can co-exist with it, it is not a psychological disorder,” he says.
What are common symptoms?
Symptoms can vary greatly in range and severity from person to person. “The most prominent symptom is persistent and unexplained fatigue for at least six months, but others include post-exertional malaise (PEM), unrefreshing sleep, cognitive difficulties such as brain fog, muscle and joint pain, headaches, dizziness, and gastrointestinal issues,” he adds.
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Since the symptoms are similar to many other conditions, it can be difficult to diagnose. “Conditions that share some similar symptoms include fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, autoimmune diseases – such as lupus or multiple sclerosis – Lyme disease, depression, and post-viral syndromes,” says Dr Enayat.
How can it impact lives?
“Many struggle with basic daily activities, such as getting out of bed, cooking or holding conversations,” Dr Enayat says. “The condition affects work, relationships and social life, possibly leading to isolation, financial difficulties, and emotional distress. Unlike illnesses where rest leads to improvement, in chronic fatigue syndrome, exertion can worsen symptoms, making pacing and energy management crucial.”
What are the risk factors?
“These include viral infections, such as glandular fever, or Covid-19, immune system dysfunction, genetic predisposition, and hormonal imbalances,” says DrEnayat. “Some research suggests chronic stress and trauma may contribute to dysregulation of the nervous and immune systems, increasing risk.”
When to seek medical advice
“If you experience persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest and impacts daily life for more than six months, along with symptoms such as brain fog, muscle pain or dizziness, it is essential to consult a GP.”
How is it diagnosed?
“Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, such as the NICE guidelines, which require symptoms such as persistent fatigue, unrefreshing sleep and cognitive impairment present for at least six months,” says Dr Enayat. “Tests and investigations are often done to exclude other conditions.”